Deaf History Notes
Index
Table of Contents
5 Preface
6 UNIT ONE - The Origins of American Sign Language
8 Section 1: Communication & Language
8 Communication
9 The Four Components of Communication
11 Modes of Expressing and Perceiving Communication
13 Language Versus Communication
14 The Three Language Channels
14 Multiple Language Encoding Systems
15 Identifying Communication as Language – The Case for ASL
16 ASL is Not a Universal Language
18 Section 2: Deaf Education & Language Stability
18 Pedro Ponce DeLeón and Private Education for Deaf Children
19 Abbé de l'Epée and Public Education for Deaf Children
20 Abbé Sicard and Jean Massieu
21 Laurent Clerc and Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
23 Martha's Vineyard
24 The Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons
27 Unit One Summary & Review Questions
30 Unit One Bibliography & Suggested Readings
32 UNIT TWO - Manualism & the Fight for Self-Empowerment
34 Section 1: Language, Culture & Oppression
34 Language and Culture
35 The Power of Labels
35 Internalized Oppression
37 Section 2: Manualism Versus Oralism
37 The New England Gallaudet Association
37 The American Annals of the Deaf
38 Edward Miner Gallaudet, the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, and the National Deaf-Mute College
39 Alexander Graham Bell and the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf
40 The National Association of the Deaf
42 The International Convention of Instructors of the Deaf in Milan, Italy
44 The Preservation of the Sign Language
46 Unit Two Summary & Review Questions
49 Unit Two Bibliography & Suggested Readings
50 UNIT THREE - Pathological Perspectives of Deafness
52 Section 1: Pathology of Deafness and Anatomy of the Ear
52 Medical and Cultural Perspectives of Deafness
52 Washoe and Other Signing Primates
54 Components of the Ear
55 The Outer Ear – Air Conduction
55 The Middle Ear – Mechanical Conduction
55 The Inner Ear – Fluid Conduction
56 Causes of Deafness
57 Audiograms and Decibels
58 Cochlear Implants
60 The Deaf Community's Perspective of Cochlear Implants
62 Section 2: Anatomy of Visual/Manual Communication
62 Components of the Eye
63 Causes of Vision Loss and Blindness
64 Eye Examinations and Correction
64 Components of the Arms and Hands
65 Finger and Thumb Dexterity
66 Wrist Movement
66 Arm Extension
66 Loss of Mobility in the Hands and Arms
68 Overuse Syndrome and Stress Management
70 Unit Three Summary & Review Questions
73 Unit Three Bibliography & Suggested Readings
74 UNIT FOUR - The Linguistics of ASL and English Within the Deaf Community
76 Section 1: ASL Linguistics
76 William Stokoe
78 History of Language Variety in ASL
80 Stokoe Research on Variation
81 Woodward’s Research on Variation
83 How Do Deaf People Represent English?
83 Other Research on Variation
85 A Revised Model of Variation in ASL
87 Linear ASL and Spatial ASL
88 Section 2: Language Choice & Variation in the Deaf Community
88 Oral Communication and the Deaf Community
89 The DeafBlind Community
90 Orin Cornett and Cued Language Transliteration
96 Computer Assisted Notetaking
97 Manual English Codes, Pidgins & Creoles
101 Unit Four Summary & Review Questions
103 Unit Four Bibliography & Suggested Readings
104 UNIT FIVE - Deaf Power
106 Section 1: Deaf Organizations and Socialization
106 Dummy Hoy and Deaf Athletes
107 Deaf Actors and Silent Films
108 Entertainment by and for the Deaf Community
110 The National Fraternal Society of the Deaf
111 CSUN, NTID & the Expansion of Post-Secondary Education Options for Deaf Students
112 Section 2: Deaf Activism and Legislation
112 Section 504 & PL 94-142
112 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
112 The Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)
113 Gallaudet University and “The Deaf President Now!” Revolution
119 The “Deaf Way” Conference
120 Closed Captioning and Assistive Devices
121 The ADA - Americans with Disabilities Act
122 The Television Decoder Circuitry Act
123 Deaf Culture and Membership in the Deaf Community
125 Unit Five Summary & Review Questions
127 Unit Five Bibliography & Suggested Readings
128 UNIT SIX - Interpreting and the Deaf Community
130 Section 1: The Interpreting Process
130 The Nuremberg Trials
132 Transcommunication
133 Bilingual Transcommunication
136 Monolingual Transcommunication: Transliterating
138 Transcoding Natural and Artificial Pidgins
139 Summary of Extralinguistic Transcommunication
140 Section 2: The Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf
140 The RID
142 RID’s Code of Ethics
144 RID Certification
145 The Triangle of Professionalism
146 RID’s Certification Maintenance Program
149 Unit Six Summary & Review Questions
150 Unit Six Bibliography & Suggested Readings
151 APPENDIX A: National Deaf Community Organizations
152 APPENDIX B: Sample Course Syllabus for "History of the Deaf Community"
157 APPENDIX C: Student Attendance & Participation Form
157 Comprehensive Bibliography